در زبان انگلیسی افعال زمان گذشته استثنا های زیادی دارند. اما نگران نباشید چون اگر قدری روی حفظ کردن افعال بی قاعده وقت بگذارید بسیار پیشرفت خواهید کرد . این افعال نه تنها در گذشته ساده استفاده می شوند ، بلکه در زمان های دیگر زبان انگلیسی هم از این افعال استفاده می کنیم. سعی کنید افعال بی قاعده را به خاطر بسپارید. لیستی از این افعال تهیه کنید و همه جا با خود حمل کنید تا کاملا ملکه ذهنتان شوند.
افعال گذشته در زبان انگلیسی:
افعال گذشته به دو دسته تقسیم می شوند:
1- افعال با قاعده که به آخر این افعال (ای دی) اضافه می شود:
Watch—-watched
Work—-worked
2- افعال بی قاعده که لیستی از آنها برای شما عزیزان فراهم کرده ایم.نحوه نوشتار و تلفظ این افعال گذشته با شکل حال آنها متفاوت است.
همان طور که گفتیم و شما نوجوانان عزیز می دانید استثناهایی وجود دارد.
برخی از افعال بی قاعده در هر سه حالت حال، گذشته و گذشته کامل مانند هم نوشته و تلفظ می شوند:
|
حال |
گذشته |
گذشته کامل |
|
bet* |
bet |
bet |
|
Burst |
burst |
burst |
|
Cost |
cost |
cost |
|
Cut |
cut |
cut |
|
Hit |
hit |
hit |
|
Hurt |
hurt |
hurt |
|
Let |
let |
let |
|
Put |
put |
put |
|
Read |
read |
read |
|
Set |
set |
set |
|
Shut |
shut |
shut |
برخی از افعال در حالت حال و گذشته مشترک هستند:
|
Infinitive |
simple past |
past participle |
|
Beat |
beat |
beaten |
برخی از افعال در حالت حال و گذشته کامل مشترک هستند:
|
Infinitive |
simple past |
past participle |
|
Come |
came |
come |
|
Run |
ran |
run |
|
Become |
became |
become |
برخی از افعال در حالت گذشته و گذشته کامل با هم مشترک هستند:
|
Infinitive |
simple past |
past participle |
|
Bring |
brought |
brought |
|
Build |
built |
built |
|
Buy |
bought |
bought |
|
Catch |
caught |
caught |
|
Deal |
dealt |
dealt |
|
Feed |
fed |
fed |
|
Feel |
felt |
felt |
|
Fight |
fought |
fought |
|
Find |
found |
found |
|
Get |
got |
got |
|
Hang |
hung |
hung |
|
Have |
had |
had |
|
Hear |
heard |
heard |
|
Hold |
held |
held |
|
Keep |
kept |
kept |
|
Lay |
laid |
laid |
|
Lead |
led |
led |
|
Leave |
left |
left |
|
Lend |
lent |
lent |
|
light* |
lit |
lit |
|
Lose |
lost |
lost |
|
Make |
made |
made |
|
Mean |
meant |
meant |
|
Meet |
met |
met |
|
Pay |
paid |
Paid |
|
Say |
said |
Said |
|
Sell |
sold |
Sold |
|
Send |
sent |
Sent |
|
Shine |
shone |
shone |
|
Shoot |
shot |
Shot |
|
Sit |
sat |
Sat |
|
Sleep |
slept |
slept |
|
Slide |
slid |
Slid |
|
Spend |
spent |
spent |
|
Stand |
stood |
stood |
|
Stick |
stuck |
stuck |
|
Sweep |
swept |
swept |
|
Swing |
swung |
swung |
|
Teach |
taught |
taught |
|
Tell |
told |
Told |
|
Think |
thought |
thought |
|
Understand |
understood |
understood |
|
Win |
won |
Won |
برخی دیگر در سه حالت با هم متفاوت هستند:
|
Infinitive |
simple past |
past participle |
|
Be |
was/were |
Been |
|
Begin |
began |
begun |
|
Blow |
blew |
blown |
|
Break |
broke |
broken |
|
Choose |
chose |
chosen |
|
Do |
did |
Done |
|
Draw |
drew |
drawn |
|
Drink |
drank |
drunk |
|
Drive |
drove |
driven |
|
Eat |
ate |
eaten |
|
Fall |
fell |
fallen |
|
Fly |
flew |
flown |
|
Forget |
forgot |
forgotten |
|
Freeze |
froze |
frozen |
|
Give |
gave |
given |
|
Go |
went |
gone |
|
Grow |
grew |
grown |
|
Hide |
hid |
hidden |
|
Know |
knew |
known |
|
Lie |
lay |
lain |
|
Ride |
rode |
ridden |
|
Ring |
rang |
rung |
|
Rise |
rose |
risen |
|
See |
saw |
seen |
|
Shake |
shook |
shaken |
|
show* |
showed |
shown |
|
Sing |
sang |
sung |
|
Sink |
sank |
sunk |
|
Speak |
spoke |
spoken |
|
Spring |
sprang |
sprung |
|
Steal |
stole |
stolen |
|
Swear |
swore |
sworn |
|
Swim |
swam |
swum |
|
Take |
took |
taken |
|
Tear |
tore |
torn |
|
Throw |
threw |
thrown |
|
Wake |
woke |
woken |
|
Wear |
wore |
worn |
|
Weave |
wove |
woven |
|
Write |
wrote |
written |
